The Aymara and the Quechua are two indigenous cultures still alive in the Andes. When performing traditional music and dance at ceremonial events, it is considered an expression of solidarity, reaffirming common values and identity. Whether religious or secular, Huayno or Wayno is widely recognized as the most representative dance of the Andes. It may have originally been an Inca funeral dance, but today it is purely festive.

Perhaps the most inspiring contribution of the Spanish invasion was the incredible music created by the fusion of native Peruvian flutes, African percussion and Spanish guitars.